Indeed that is an MXroute filter. In between the slashes are the subject strings that are part of that filter:
/Invalid HTTP_HOST header/g
/Fwd: for/g
/Internal Server Error/g
/Faggot American/g
/Mail delivery failed/g
/Automated certificate renewal/g
/You have been registered on porn/g
/Payment Swift/g
/BANK TRANSFER/g
/payment copy of/g
/Euro Payment Only/g
/Completed backup of Virtualmin/g
/Verify your Contact Information/g
The subjects in that list were determined to either be part of a trend relating to users with compromised email passwords, or that were found only and consistently sending undesirable emails that were destined for failure.
In this case I’d draw your attention to “Mail delivery failed.” It isn’t that we don’t deliver bounces, it’s that bounce emails which land at the inbound servers and are then sent back out for delivery tend to relate to a failure situation (and commonly a loop). The inbound servers shouldn’t be sending bounce emails, that’s why email leaving the inbound servers are filtered for it.
So in this case I’d question if or why you’re actively sending an email that needs to look like a bounce email. From my view it looks like you’re directly sending an email with the subject “Mail delivery failed: returning message to sender” and that isn’t normal behavior. Note in the bounced email it has a name that you blurred out to the left of the email address in the From field (it’s inside quotations). MTAs (exim, postfix, etc) generally don’t fill in names like that when they bounce an email because those names are configured in email clients and not in a server database (unless that database just happens to be for a server hosted email client). So I think we have an email client software actively sending bounce emails out, and that’s a bit confusing. I saw it once before when someone had set up a filter in Crossbox to forward emails without any conditions, which is too heavy handed and literal and ends up forwarding loops of bounce emails (just like this). If that sounds familiar, you should adjust that filter to have conditions (or use a regular forwarder set in cPanel).
If it’s not something you’re actively doing or the result of a client-side filter you’ve set (Crossbox being considered client-side due to how it functions), I don’t think it’s a scenario I’ve encountered before. You can reach out to me at chat.mxroute.com if this reply hasn’t helped, it may be a relatively invasive task for me to troubleshoot deeper. I’ll likely need full access to the email account and inbox to personally test in order to gain any more insights.